Power generation capacity in the Mena countries will have to rise by almost 150GW to reach 440GW by 2020, an increase of just over 50 per cent on the current available capacity of 290GW, to meet the demand created by population growth coupled with industrial and economic expansion, a report said.

The launch of the first phase of Saudi Arabia’s 9.5GW National Renewable Energy Programme (NREP) early this year provides the latest illustration of the major changes occurring in the Mena power sector, explained the new report titled “Mena Power 2017”from Middle East business intelligence service Meed.

This has led to a raft of alternative energy projects being planned or implemented in the region.

The report shows that governments across the Mena region are making increasing commitments to achieve diversification in their power sectors to improve energy security and reduce reliance on gas imports, including detailed analysis on more than 60GW of planned renewable energy projects. The move towards integrating renewable energy into development programmes has been facilitated by the sharp drop in photovoltaic (PV) solar technology costs in recent years. 

The cost of installing PV solar has fallen by 80 per cent since 2007, and the three major PV solar projects tendered in the UAE since 2015 have all achieved, at the time, word record low tariffs. In particular, the 2.99 cents a kilowatt hour ($c/KWh) tariff selected for Dubai’s 800MW PV project in 2016 was the first time that the cost of renewables had fallen below conventional fossil fuel plants. In addition to renewables, state utilities are also moving forward with plans for alternative energy, from nuclear power to clean coal.

Another key shift in the region’s power sector is the move towards increased private investment and privatisation in the generation of electricity as governments cut budgets in response to the lower oil price. Saudi Arabia, the largest utilities market, is the leading example of this, with Riyadh preparing to sell off the first 20GW of its generation assets to private investors in 2017. Egypt and Oman are also undertaking preparations to significantly restructure and privatise large parts of their electricity markets.

INCREASING DEMAND

he power sector is one of the most active segments in the Mena projects market at present, with few issues more pressing than the need to meet rising demand for electricity. Rapid population growth coupled with industrial and economic expansion is driving a sharp increase in consumption, with peak demand growth averaging 5.2 per cent across the region in 2015.

The pressure on governments to deliver uninterrupted electricity for residents and businesses increased further following the political uprisings in 2011, so utilities cannot afford to allow supply to fall out of step with demand.

While the collapse in oil prices since mid-2014 has caused the scaling back or cancelling of many projects deemed nonessential, investments in the power sector have continued to move ahead.

In 2015, the total available capacity reached an estimated 289,861MW for the countries analysed in the Mena Power 2017 report, which was 15 per cent more than the peak demand of 246,742MW. While the total nameplate installed capacity for the 14 countries was 307,164MW, the actual available power was much lower due to out-of-operation plants in countries such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

With a minimum 15 per cent recommended reserve margin, representing the amount of unused available capacity at peak load as a percentage of total capacity, the region as a whole is in a race to build new capacity to keep ahead of peak demand growth and maintain sufficient reserve margins.

CAPACITY – BUILDING

To keep pace with demand forecasts and to restore or maintain reserve margins of at least 15 per cent, most utilities across the region will have to undertake an extensive capacity-building programme in the period up to 2020.

Meed’s Mena Power 2017 report states that the largest requirement will be in Egypt, where an estimated 27,985MW of new capacity is needed as a result of its rapidly growing population and economic expansion. While Saudi Arabia and Kuwait will require additional capacity of 20,239MW and 5,758MW respectively, the actual newbuild requirement will be much higher because of the need to replace or upgrade existing units on account of age. This will also likely be the case in Libya, where much of the power infrastructure is outdated or has been damaged by fighting.

CONSUMPTION

In addition to utilising renewable energy to meet growing demand for power, the region’s utilities are looking at ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce consumption. Efforts are being made to improve efficiency on both the supply and demand side. Curbing electricity consumption and reducing feedstock usage will help preserve gas reserves and also reduce pressure on government finances.